Bioleaching of Metals from E-Waste Using Microorganisms: A Review

The rapid and improper disposal of electronic waste (e-waste) has become an issue great concern, resulting in serious threats to the environment public health. In addition, e-waste is heterogenous nature, consisting a variety valuable metals large quantities, hence need for development promising technology ameliorate environmental hazards associated with indiscriminate dumping e-waste, recovery metal components present materials, thus promoting management reuse. Various physico-chemical techniques including hydrometallurgy pyrometallurgy have been employed past mobilization from e-waste. However, these approaches proven be inept due high operational costs linked consumption huge amounts chemicals energy, together loss release secondary byproducts. An alternative method avert above-mentioned limitations adoption microorganisms (bioleaching) as efficient, cost-effective, eco-friendly, sustainable solubilization Metal influenced by microbiological, physico-chemical, mineralogical parameters. This review, therefore, provides insights into strategies or pathways used